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Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A

An acyl-carrier coenzyme taking part in both anabolic and catabolic processes.

Biology

Keywords

Coenzyme A, acetyl group, carrier coenzyme, citric acid cycle, metabolic processes, catabolism, catabolic process, biochemistry, chemistry, biology

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Coenzyme A (C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S)

Information

Molar mass: 767.54 g/mol

Properties

Coenzyme A is a nucleotide derivative, highly soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol, ether and acetone.

In the metabolic processes of living organisms, it is an acyl-carrier coenzyme involved in both anabolic and catabolic processes. Its best-known derivative is acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which transports the acetyl group required in the citric acid cycle.

Occurrence and production

It occurs in all metabolically active cells. In the human body, it is synthesized from vitamin B, mainly in the liver.

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Enzymes

Enzymes are protein molecules catalyzing biochemical reactions. Their activity can be regulated.

ADP, ATP

ATP is the main source of energy for cells.

NAD⁺, NADP⁺, NADPH

NAD⁺ is a coenzyme that plays an important role mainly in catabolic processes, while NADP is important in anabolic processes as hydrogen carriers.

Beta-D-ribose (C₅H₁₀O₅)

A crystalline compound found in nucleic acids, coenzymes, nucleotides and nucleosides.

Phosphate ion (PO₄³⁻)

A compound ion formed when a phosphoric acid molecule releases a proton.

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)

It is also used as a food additive, limescale and rust remover.

Purine (C₅H₄N₄)

A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, its derivatives include guanine and adenine.

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